HAM ASSIGNMENT PROCEDURES

PASS/FAIL ASSIGNMENT PROCEDURES
If your overall course score is 3.2 or higher, you
will pass the course and will not be required to
resubmit assignments. Once your assignments
have been graded you will receive course
completion confirmation.
If you receive less than a 3.2 on any assignment
and your overall course score is below 3.2, you
will be given the opportunity to resubmit failed
assignments. You may resubmit failed
assignments only once. Internet students will
receive notification when they have failed an
assignment--they may then resubmit failed
assignments on the web site. Internet students
may view and print results for failed
assignments from the web site. Students who
submit by mail will receive a failing result letter
and a new answer sheet for resubmission of each
failed assignment.
COMPLETION CONFIRMATION
After successfully completing this course, you
will receive a letter of completion.
ERRATA
Errata are used to correct minor errors or delete
obsolete information in a course. Errata may
also be used to provide instructions to the
student. If a course has an errata, it will be
included as the first page(s) after the front cover.
Errata for all courses can be accessed and
viewed/downloaded at:
http://www.advancement.cnet.navy.mil
STUDENT FEEDBACK QUESTIONS
We value your suggestions, questions, and
criticisms on our courses. If you would like to
communicate with us regarding this course, we
encourage you, if possible, to use e-mail. If you
write or fax, please use a copy of the Student
Comment form that follows this page.
For subject matter questions:
E-mail: n315.products@cnet.navy.mil
Phone: Comm: (850) 452-1001, ext. 1728
DSN: 922-1001, ext. 1728
FAX: (850) 452-1370
(Do not fax answer sheets.)
Address: COMMANDING OFFICER
NETPDTC N315
6490 SAUFLEY FIELD ROAD
PENSACOLA FL 32509-5237
For enrollment, shipping, grading, or
completion letter questions
E-mail: fleetservices@cnet.navy.mil
Phone: Toll Free: 877-264-8583
Comm: (850) 452-1511/1181/1859
DSN: 922-1511/1181/1859
FAX: (850) 452-1370
(Do not fax answer sheets.)
Address: COMMANDING OFFICER
NETPDTC N331
6490 SAUFLEY FIELD ROAD
PENSACOLA FL 32559-5000
NAVAL RESERVE RETIREMENT CREDIT
If you are a member of the Naval Reserve, you
will receive retirement points if you are
authorized to receive them under current
directives governing retirement of Naval
Reserve personnel. For Naval Reserve
retirement, this course is evaluated at 7 points.
(Refer to Administrative Procedures for Naval
Reservists on Inactive Duty, BUPERSINST
1001.39, for more information about retirement
points.)

HAM RADIO COURSE

INSTRUCTIONS FOR TAKING THE COURSE
ASSIGNMENTS
The text pages that you are to study are listed at
the beginning of each assignment. Study these
pages carefully before attempting to answer the
questions. Pay close attention to tables and
illustrations and read the learning objectives.
The learning objectives state what you should be
able to do after studying the material. Answering
the questions correctly helps you accomplish the
objectives.
SELECTING YOUR ANSWERS
Read each question carefully, then select the
BEST answer. You may refer freely to the text.
The answers must be the result of your own
work and decisions. You are prohibited from
referring to or copying the answers of others and
from giving answers to anyone else taking the
course.
SUBMITTING YOUR ASSIGNMENTS
To have your assignments graded, you must be
enrolled in the course with the Nonresident
Training Course Administration Branch at the
Naval Education and Training Professional
Development and Technology Center
(NETPDTC). Following enrollment, there are
two ways of having your assignments graded:
(1) use the Internet to submit your assignments
as you complete them, or (2) send all the
assignments at one time by mail to NETPDTC.
Grading on the Internet: Advantages to
Internet grading are:
· you may submit your answers as soon as
you complete an assignment, and
· you get your results faster; usually by the
next working day (approximately 24 hours).
In addition to receiving grade results for each
assignment, you will receive course completion
confirmation once you have completed all the
assignments. To submit your assignment
answers via the Internet, go to:
http://courses.cnet.navy.mil
Grading by Mail: When you submit answer
sheets by mail, send all of your assignments at
one time. Do NOT submit individual answer
sheets for grading. Mail all of your assignments
in an envelope, which you either provide
yourself or obtain from your nearest Educational
Services Officer (ESO). Submit answer sheets
to:
COMMANDING OFFICER
NETPDTC N331
6490 SAUFLEY FIELD ROAD
PENSACOLA FL 32559-5000
Answer Sheets: All courses include one
“scannable” answer sheet for each assignment.
These answer sheets are preprinted with your
SSN, name, assignment number, and course
number. Explanations for completing the answer
sheets are on the answer sheet.
Do not use answer sheet reproductions: Use
only the original answer sheets that we
provide—reproductions will not work with our
scanning equipment and cannot be processed.
Follow the instructions for marking your
answers on the answer sheet. Be sure that blocks
1, 2, and 3 are filled in correctly. This
information is necessary for your course to be
properly processed and for you to receive credit
for your work.
COMPLETION TIME
Courses must be completed within 12 months
from the date of enrollment. This includes time
required to resubmit failed assignments.

Student Comments

Student Comments
Course Title:
NEETS Module 17
Radio-Frequency Communications Principles
NAVEDTRA: 14189 Date:
We need some information about you:
Rate/Rank and Name: SSN: Command/Unit
Street Address: City: State/FPO: Zip
Your comments, suggestions, etc.:

WARNING

WARNING
AN OPERATING PROCEDURE, PRACTICE, OR CONDITION, ETC., WHICH MAY
RESULT IN INJURY OR DEATH IF NOT CAREFULLY OBSERVED OR
FOLLOWED.
CAUTION
AN OPERATING PROCEDURE, PRACTICE, OR CONDITION, ETC., WHICH MAY
RESULT IN DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT IF NOT CAREFULLY OBSERVED OR
FOLLOWED.

NAVY ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS TRAINING

NAVY ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS TRAINING

SERIES

The Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series (NEETS) was developed for use by personnel in

many electrical- and electronic-related Navy ratings. Written by, and with the advice of, senior

technicians in these ratings, this series provides beginners with fundamental electrical and electronic

concepts through self-study. The presentation of this series is not oriented to any specific rating structure,

but is divided into modules containing related information organized into traditional paths of instruction.

The series is designed to give small amounts of information that can be easily digested before advancing

further into the more complex material. For a student just becoming acquainted with electricity or

electronics, it is highly recommended that the modules be studied in their suggested sequence. While

there is a listing of NEETS by module title, the following brief descriptions give a quick overview of how

the individual modules flow together.

Module 1, Introduction to Matter, Energy, and Direct Current, introduces the course with a short history

of electricity and electronics and proceeds into the characteristics of matter, energy, and direct current

(dc). It also describes some of the general safety precautions and first-aid procedures that should be

common knowledge for a person working in the field of electricity. Related safety hints are located

throughout the rest of the series, as well.

Module 2, Introduction to Alternating Current and Transformers, is an introduction to alternating current

(ac) and transformers, including basic ac theory and fundamentals of electromagnetism, inductance,

capacitance, impedance, and transformers.

Module 3, Introduction to Circuit Protection, Control, and Measurement, encompasses circuit breakers,

fuses, and current limiters used in circuit protection, as well as the theory and use of meters as electrical

measuring devices.

Module 4, Introduction to Electrical Conductors, Wiring Techniques, and Schematic Reading, presents

conductor usage, insulation used as wire covering, splicing, termination of wiring, soldering, and reading

electrical wiring diagrams.

Module 5, Introduction to Generators and Motors, is an introduction to generators and motors, and

covers the uses of ac and dc generators and motors in the conversion of electrical and mechanical

energies.

Module 6, Introduction to Electronic Emission, Tubes, and Power Supplies, ties the first five modules

together in an introduction to vacuum tubes and vacuum-tube power supplies.

Module 7, Introduction to Solid-State Devices and Power Supplies, is similar to module 6, but it is in

reference to solid-state devices.

Module 8, Introduction to Amplifiers, covers amplifiers.

Module 9, Introduction to Wave-Generation and Wave-Shaping Circuits, discusses wave generation and

wave-shaping circuits.

Module 10, Introduction to Wave Propagation, Transmission Lines, and Antennas, presents the

characteristics of wave propagation, transmission lines, and antennas.

Q codes from Amateur radio operators

Q-Signals  Amateur Radio Operators 

Q-Sig	Message
QRA	What is the name of your station? The name of my station is ___.
QRB	How far are you from my station? I am ____ km from you station
QRD	Where are you bound and where are you coming from? I am bound ___ from ___.
QRG	Will you tell me my exact frequency? Your exact frequency is ___ kHz.
QRH	Does my frequency vary? Your frequency varies.
QRI	How is the tone of my transmission? The tone of your transmission is ___ (1-Good, 2-Variable, 3-Bad.)
QRJ	Are you receiving me badly? I cannot receive you, your signal is too weak.
QRK	What is the intelligibility of my signals? The intelligibility of your signals is ___ (1-Bad, 2-Poor, 3-Fair, 4-Good, 5-Excellent.)
QRL	Are you busy? I am busy, please do not interfere
QRM	Is my transmission being interfered with? Your transmission is being interfered with ___ (1-Nil, 2-Slightly, 3-Moderately, 4-Severly, 5-Extremely.)
QRN	Are you troubled by static? I am troubled by static ___ (1-5 as under QRM.)
QRO	Shall I increase power? Increase power.
QRP	Shall I decrease power? Decrease power.
QRQ	Shall I send faster? Send faster (___ WPM.)
QRR	Are you ready for automatic operation? I am ready for automatic operation. Send at ___ WPM.
QRS	Shall I send more slowly? Send more slowly (___ WPM.)
QRT	Shall I stop sending? Stop sending.
QRU	Have you anything for me? I have nothing for you.
QRV	Are you ready? I am ready.
QRW	Shall I inform ___ that you are calling? Please inform ___ that I am calling.
QRX	When will you call me again? I will call you again at ___ hours.
QRY	What is my turn? Your turn is numbered ___.
QRZ	Who is calling me? You are being called by ___.
QSA	What is the strength of my signals? The strength of your signals is ___ (1-Scarcely perceptible, 2-Weak, 3-Fairly Good, 4-Good, 5-Very Good.)
QSB	Are my signals fading? Your signals are fading.
QSD	Is my keying defective? Your keying is defective.
QSG	Shall I send ___ messages at a time? Send ___ messages at a time.
QSJ	What is the charge to be collected per word to ___ including your international telegraph charge? The charge to be collected per word is ___ including my international telegraph charge.
QSK	Can you hear me between you signals and if so can I break in on your transmission? I can hear you between my signals, break in on my transmission.
QSL	Can you acknowledge receipt? I am acknowledging receipt.
QSM	Shall I repeat the last message which I sent you? Repeat the last message.
QSN	Did you hear me on ___ kHz? I did hear you on ___ kHz.
QSO	Can you communicate with ___ direct or by relay? I can communicate with ___ direct (or by relay through ___.)
QSP	Will you relay to ___? I will relay to ___.
QSQ	Have you a doctor on board? (or is ___ on board?) I have a doctor on board (or ___ is on board.)
QSU	Shall I send or reply on this frequency? Send a series of Vs on this frequency.
QSV	Shall I send a series of Vs on this frequency? Send a series of Vs on this frequency.
QSW	Will you send on this frequency? I am going to send on this frequency.
QSY	Shall I change to another frequency? Change to another frequency.
QSZ	Shall I send each word or group more than once? Send each word or group twice (or ___ times.)
QTA	Shall I cancel message number ___? Cancel message number ___.
QTB	Do you agree with my counting of words? I do not agree with your counting of words. I will repeat the first letter or digit of each word or group.
QTC	How many messages have you to send? I have ___ messages for you.
QTE	What is my true bearing from you? Your true bearing from me is ___ degrees.
QTG	Will you send two dashes of 10 seconds each followed by your call sign? I am going to send two dashes of 10 seconds each followed by my call sign.
QTH	What is your location? My location is ___.
QTI	What is your true track? My true track is ___ degrees.
QTJ	What is your speed? My speed is ___ km/h.
QTL	What is your true heading? My true heading is ___ degrees.
QTN	At what time did you depart from ___? I departed from ___ at ___ hours.
QTO	Have you left dock (or port)? I have left dock (or port).
QTP	Are you going to enter dock (or port)? I am going to enter dock (or port.)
QTQ	Can you communicate with my station by means of the International Code of Signals? I am going to communicate with your station by means of the International Code of Signals.
QTR	What is the correct time? The time is ___.
QTS	Will you send your call sign for ___ minutes so that your frequency can be measured? I will send my call sign for ___ minutes so that my frequency may be measured.
QTU	What are the hours during which your station is open? My station is open from ___ hours to ___ hours.
QTV	Shall I stand guard for you on the frequency of ___ kHz? Stand guard for me on the frequency of ___ kHz.
QTX	Will you keep your station open for further communication with me? I will keep my station open for further communication with you.
QUA	Have you news of ___? I have news of ___.
QUB	Can you give me information concerning visibility, height of clouds, direction and velocity of ground wind at ___? Here is the information you requested...
QUC	What is the number of the last message you received from me? The number of the last message I received from you is ___.
QUD	Have you received the urgency signal sent by ___? I have received the urgency signal sent by ___.
QUF	Have you received the distress signal sent by ___? I have received the distress signal sent by ___.
QUG	Will you be forced to land? I am forced to land immediately.
QUH	Will you give me the present barometric pressure? The present barometric pressure is ___ (units).

Note that Q signals can take the form of a question when followed by a question mark.

READABILITY, signal strength tone 1

READABILITY

1 -- Unreadable

2 -- Barely readable, occasional words distinguishable

3 -- Readable with considerable difficulty

4 -- Readable with practically no difficulty

5 -- Perfectly readable

SIGNAL STRENGTH

1 -- Faint signals, barely perceptible

2 -- Very weak signals

3 -- Weak signals

4 -- Fair signals

5 -- Fairly good signals

6 -- Good signals

7 -- Moderately strong signals

8 -- Strong signals

9 -- Extremely strong signals

TONE 1 -- Sixty cycle a.c. or less, very rough and broad

2 -- Very rough a.c. , very harsh and broad

3 -- Rough a.c. tone, rectified but not filtered

4 -- Rough note, some trace of filtering

5 -- Filtered rectified a.c.but strongly ripple-modulated

6 -- Filtered tone, definite trace of ripple modulation

7 -- Near pure tone, trace of ripple modulation

8 -- Near perfect tone, slight trace of modulation

9 -- Perfect tone, no trace of ripple or modulation of any kind

Infrequently used is the addition of a letter to the end of the 3 numbers.

These are: X = the signal is rock steady like a crystal controlled signal;

C = the signal is chirpy as the frequency varies slightly with keying;

and K = the signal has key clicks.

X is from the early days of radio when such steady signals were rare.

Today most all signals could be given an X but it is hardly ever used. It is helpful to report a chirpy or clicky signal by using the C or K, e.g. 579C or 579K.

PROSIGNS AND OTHER PROCEDURAL SIGNALS  FOR MORSE CODE Prosigns are symbols formed by running together two characters into one without the intercharacter space) to make an abbreviation for the most common procedural signals. Usually written with a BAR over the characters. The ones in <  >  are considered by the ARRL as prosigns -- see ARRL page URL:

    End Of Line
  Full Stop
<AR>    End of message
<AS>    Stand by; wait
    Separation (break) between address and text; between text and signature.
    (Error in sending. 8 dits - Transmission continues with last word correctly sent.)
       Short form of above
    Repeat; I say again. (Difficult or unusual words or groups.)
    Number follows
    Out; clear (end of communications, no reply expected.)
 
The following without the <  > are other commonly used two letter procedural signals -- some Hams run them together -- others do not.

BK    Break
CL    Going off the air (clear)
CQ    Calling any amateur radio station (Many add a space between the C and the Q)
DE    This or From
KA    Beginning of message
KN    Go only, invite a specific station to transmit
VE    Understood (VE)
Commonly used in CW - single letter meanings
C      Correct yes
K      Go, invite any station to transmit
N      No Negative
R      All received OK

licenses

Every Amateur Radio operator must be licensed by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC). In order to obtain a license, a ham must
pass examinations in radio theory, rules and, for some licenses, international
Morse Code proficiency.
There are Amateur Radio operators from ages 8 to 80, and they qualify for
one of five grades of licenses, each at progressively higher levels of proficiency.
The five grades are Novice, Technician, General, Advanced, and Amateur Extra.
Higher classes of licenses have additional operating privileges. The minimum
license required to operate on the frequencies to the Shuttle orbiter and
on the future International Space Station is Technician.
The Amateur Radio operator’s call letters are issued by the FCC at the time
of obtaining a license. The first letter indicates nationality; in the United States
the first letters are A, K, N, or W.
There are several means of communicating with Amateur Radio in addition
to Morse Code (radiotelegraphy) and voice transmission (radiotelephony).
These include radio teletype, computer-data exchange, and fast scan and slow
scan amateur television.
AMSAT: The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation was founded in 1969
to provide satellites that can be used for Amateur Radio communication
throughout the world and to disseminate information derived from these communications.
For more information, write to:
Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation
PO Box 27
Washington, DC 20044
ARRL: The American Radio Relay League was founded in 1914 as the ham
radio operators’ organization. ARRL publishes monthly licensing guides, teacher’s
materials, technical journals and an annual handbook and is the representative
body with the Federal Communications Commission. For more information, write
to:
American Radio Relay League
225 Main Street
Newington, CT 06111
ARRL Web Site:
http://www.arrl.org/sarex/
AMSAT Web Site:
http://www.amsat.org
NASA’s SAREX Web Site:
http://www.ccsds.org/sarex/
Goddard Space Flight Center Amateur Radio Club:
http://garc.gsfc.nasa.gov/www/
Johnson Space Center Amateur Radio Club:
http://www.phoenix.net/~mbordel/index.html
Call Sign
References
and Resources
SAREX on the
World Wide Web

communications

There are different configurations for Amateur Radio equipment on the
Shuttle orbiter. One configuration consists of a hand-held transceiver, interface
module, a payload general support computer (PGSC), window antenna, packet
radio (digital) module, headset, and terminal node controller (TNC). The TNC
interconnects with a radio transceiver so the data to and from the computer is
transmitted to and received from the Amateur Radio stations on the ground. This
configuration is capable of operating in either the voice or data mode in communications
with Amateur stations within the line of sight (LOS) of the Space Shuttle
orbiter or Space Station. This configuration can be operated in the attended mode
for voice communications and in either the attended or automatic mode for data
communications. A similar configuration will be used on the ISS along with other
innovative ham radio set-ups.
Another configuration (see Figure 1) consists of a hand-held transceiver, an
interface module, a headset, a slow-scan and fast-scan television converter, a
television camera and monitor, a PGSC, and an antenna capable of being
mounted in one of the orbiter’s flight deck windows. This configuration communicates
with Amateur Radio stations within LOS of the Shuttle orbiter in
one of four modes: voice, Slow-Scan Television (SSTV), data, or Fast-Scan
Television (FSTV).
An elaborate radio station setup in schools is not required to make a 2-
meter radio frequency contact. Ham radio operators will be glad to help with
radios and antennas. Contact ARRL (see page 5) for information on how to
find a list of hams in your area.
Specially designed QSL cards (post cards designed by hams to confirm
two-way radio contact or reception of signal) are available to anyone who
sends a reception report of Amateur Radio operation from the Shuttle orbiter
or the future International Space Station. Non-amateurs can listen in on a ham
receiver or monitor on scanners to qualify for the special QSL. Send all reception
and confirmed contact reports to ARRL.

communication between astronauts in orbit with students on the ground.
SAREX is sponsored by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), the Radio
Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT), and the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). SAREX is also supported by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC).
Through SAREX, astronauts make scheduled and unscheduled Amateur
Radio contacts from the Shuttle orbiter with schools selected through a proposal
process (see Appendix for proposal process information) from around
the world. These contacts energize students and families about science, technology,
and learning.
The SAREX program will continue on the International Space Station (ISS).
Ham radios provide a necessary secondary system component for communication
between Shuttle orbiter (and will be for the future ISS) crew members and
with Mission Control and workers on the ground.
More than 2.8 million people worldwide, including more than 670,000
Americans, are currently licensed Amateur Radio operators or “hams.” Oddly
enough, there is no universally accepted explanation for where the popular
term “ham” originated. Various theories have been put forth, but all are generally
discredited. The most likely explanation is that the term derives from the
frontier-day custom of referring to unskilled or inept telegraph operators as
“ham-fisted.” Regardless, it is a term in which Amateur Radio operators take
pride.
The term “amateur” refers to one who engages in a pursuit as a pastime
rather than as a profession. Amateur Radio is the personal use of short wave
radio equipment for direct worldwide communications on a one-to-one basis.
Amateur Radio has been a source of communicating and technical skills, especially
during an emergency. Hams never accept compensation for services they
provide.
On November 28, 1983, Space Shuttle mission STS-9 was launched carrying
Mission Specialist Owen Garriott, Amateur Radio call sign W5LFL, and
his ham radio into orbit for 10 days on the Space Shuttle Columbia. For seven
of those days, hams around the world heard Dr. Garriott’s voice calling Earthbound
ham radio stations. Lance Collister, call sign WA1JXN, of Frenchtown,
Montana, became the first Amateur Radio operator to work an astronautham
orbiting the world, and by the end of the mission, over 300 radio calls
were logged by Garriott. The calls ranged from classrooms of children to King
Hussein of Jordan. Garriott was even patched in to the Capsule Communicator
(CAPCOM) at Mission Control Center to demonstrate the utility of the
ham system operating as a backup to some of the orbiter’s communication
systems. SAREX radios are operated on the conditions that they will not interfere
with mission activities and that safety requirements will be met.

Resistor Colour Code

3rd circle 4th circle 5th circle
3rd figure number of tolerance
zeros
1st circle 2nd circle
1st figure 2nd figure
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
x0.1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
+/-
0.5%
+/-
1%
+/-
2%
+/-
0.25%
+/-
0.1%
gold gold
x0.01
+/-
0.05%
+/-
5%
+/-
20%
+/-
silver 10% silver
none
237K 1%
47K 5%
5 Band Code
4 Band Code
LEON AUDIO
62 Edgeware Road, Aldgate, South Australia, 5154

Resistor
Colour Code

ham diagram

Ham online

Transformer - How it Works 18 2
Transient Protection Capacitors 20 10
Transistors NPN and PNP 24 11
Transmission Line as 1:1 Transformer 38 13
Transmission Line Impedance 38 11
Transmission Line Types 38 1
Transposing Equations 4 2
Traps on Antennas 37 11
TRIAC 25 10
Triode 21 3
Tropospheric Ducting 28 6
Turns Ratio 18 6
TV IF Frequency 40 8
TV Ribbon (Balanced) 38 3
Two Tone Test 29 8
Two Tone Test 39 1
UJT (Unijunction Transistor) 25 11
UJT Transistor 41 5
Unbalanced and Balanced Line 38 3
Unijunction (UJT) Transistor 41 5
Valence Electrons 24 1
Varactor/Varicap diode 24 8
Variable Frequency Oscillator (VFO) 3 Supp. 27
VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) 27 17
Velocity Factor 38 4
Velocity of Propagation 38 4
VFO (Variable Frequency Oscillator) 3 Supp. 27
Voltage - A Definition 2 1
Voltage & Current Distribution on Antennas 37 2
Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) 27 17
Voltage Divider 5 4
Voltage Divider 25 4
Voltage Doubler 20 9
Voltage Regulation, Shunt - Series 20 11
Voltage Regulator (Zener) 24 7
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio VSWR 38 7
Voltmeter 15 4Voltmeter Sensitivity - Calculations, Revision 39 6
Wavelength and Frequency 23 5
Yagi Antenna 37 8
Zener Diodes 24 7
Zener Effect 24 7

Radio Online ham

Specific Gravity 16 6
Speed of Light 2 3
Speed of Light 23 1
Sporadic E Layers 28 3
SSB 29 3&8
SSB Transmitter - How it Works 31 5
Standing Wave 38 6
Step up/down Transformers 18 6
Stray Capacitance 12 6
Stripline Filters 32 11
Stripline Filters 38 14
Stubs (Transmission Lines) 38 11
Sulphation 16 5
Sum of Voltage Drops in series Circuits 5 2
Sunspot Cycle 28 3
Superhet. Receiver 30 5
Suppressor Grid 21 9
SWR 38 7
SWR Meter - How it Works 39 6
Tank Circuit/Flywheel Effect 26 12
Television Intermediate Frequency 40 8
Temperature Co-efficient 27 12
Temperature Inversion 28 6
Terminal Node Controller (TNC) 40 5
Tetrode 21 6
Thermal Runaway 25 5
Three Element Yagi 37 8
Tickler Coil (Armstrong) 27 3
Time Constant of a Capacitor 12 4
Time Constant of Inductor 14 4
TNC (Terminal Node Controller) 40 5
Top Loading (Antenna) 37 7
Total Current in Parallel Circuits 6 2
Total Power in Parallel Circuits 6 6
Total Resistance in Parallel Circuits 6 3
Total Resistance in Series Circuits 5 1
Total Resistance of Voltmeter 15 6

Online Ham radio

Quad Loop Antenna 37 10
Quarter Wave Antenna 37 6
Quarter Wave Notch 38 13
Quartz 27 18
Quartz Crystal 'Circuit' 27 12
Quartz Crystals 27 11
Radial Drooping (45degrees) 37 7
Radiation Patterns 37 10
Radiation Resistance 37 5
Radio Frequency Choke (RFC) 27 6
Radio Frequency/Sound System Interference 33 5
Radio Teletype RTTY 40 2
Radio Waves - Explained 23 1
Ratio Detector 34 12
Reactance Modulator 34 2
Rectification 20 2
Rectifier/Diode 20 1
Rectifiers - Half Wave, Full Wave 20 2&3
Red/Doppler Shift 23 8
Reflected Waves 38 5
Reflectometer 39 9
Reflector 37 8
Refraction 28 4
Relays 8 8
Resistance - A Definition 2 1
Resistivity 3 2
Resistor Colour Code 3 7& supplementary
Resonance 19 3
Resonant Circuits 19 5
Resonant Dipole Antenna - Explained 37 3
Reverse Bias (Diodes) 24 5
RF Probe 39 7
RMS (Root Mean Square) and Peak 10 3
Root Mean Square - Explained 10 4
Schottky Diode 24 14
SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) 25 9
Screen Grid 21 5
Secondary Cells 16 3
Selectie Fading 28 7
Selectivity 30 3
Self-oscillation 36 3
Semiconductor Diodes 24 1
Sensitivity 30 3
Sensitivity of Voltmeter 15 6&7
Short-circuit/Open Transmission Lines 38 9
Shunt Regulator with Zener Diode 20 13
Sidebands - Explained 31 2
Silicon 24 1
Simplifying Series/Parallel Circuits 7 1
Sine Wave 10 1
Single & Double Sideband 29 3
Single Sideband - Explained 31 3
Single Sideband - SSB 29 3&8
Single Tone Test 29 9
Single, Double, Triple Conversion 30 7
Skip Distance 28 5
Skip Zone 28 5
Sky Wave 28 5
Solar Flares 28 3
Slow Scan TV 40 7
Small Ferrite Beads 36 5
Sound Bars 33 2
Space Charge 21 1

Online Radio

Ohmmeter 15 7
Ohms Law 4 1
Open/Short-circuit Transmission Lines 38 9
Operating Angles of Amplifier 26 2
Oscillation 27 1
Oscilloscope - How it Works 39 4
Oscilloscope Patterns 29 6&7
Overdriving an Amplifier 36 5&6
Overtone Oscillator 27 13
Overtones 27 13
Packet Radio 40 4
PACTOR Mode 40 3
Parallel Circuit: Total R when all R the same 6 6
Parallel Circuit: Total T when only 2 branches 6 6
Parallel Circuits 6 1
Parasitic Beam Antenna 37 8
Parasitic Oscillation 36 4
Parasitic Stopper 36 5
Parity Check 40 3
Passband 29 10
Peak and RMS (Root Mean Square) 10 3
Peak Envelope Power Test 39 2
Peak Inverse Voltage PIV 20 1
Pentodes 21 9
Period/Frequency 10 4
Permittivity/Dielectric Constant 11 6
Phase Detector 4 Supp. 27
Phase Locked Loop PLL 27 17 & Supp. 27
Phase Shift Keying, 31 Baud 40 8
Phase-Locked Loop Demodulators 34 13
Physical Length v. Electrical Length (Antenna) 37 4
Pi-coupler Network 36 5
Pierce Crystal Oscillator 27 15
Piezoelectric Effect 17 5
Pinch Off 25 7
PLL Demodulators 34 13
PLL Phase Locked Loop 27 17 & Supp. 27
PN Junctions 24 4
Point Contact Diode 24 14
Polarisation 16 4
Polarisation 23 6
Power Formulae 4 5
Power in a Series Circuit 5 3
Power Line Interference 33 3
Pre-emphasis 34 8
Pre-emphasis - How it Works 34 9
Primary/Voltaic Cells 16 2
Product Detector 29 10
Product Over Sum 6 6
Programmable Frequency Divider 5 Supp. 27
Protected Gate Mosfet 25 9
PSK 31 40 8
Push-Pull Amplifiers 26 7

Online Radio & Electronics

Online Radio & Electronics

Farad, Unit of Capacitance 11 6
Faraday Rotation 23 7
Faradays Law 9 1
Fast Scan TV (ATV) 40 7
Feedback 21 5&10
Feedpoint Impedance 37 5
Ferrite Beads 36 5
Filter Curve Diagrams 32 7
Filters - Types 32 2
Five-eighth Wavelength Antenna 37 6
Flat Line 38 5
Flat-topping 36 5
Flemings Left Hand Rule 8 2
Flywheel Effect 19 10
FM Transceiver - Block Diagram, Description 34 9
FM Transceiver - Block Diagram, Description 35 1
Folded Dipole 37 9
Forward Bias (Diodes) 24 6
Foster-Seeley Discriminator - Explained 34 11
Frequencies of Human Speech 34 9
Frequency - Definition 10 1
Frequency and Wavelength 23 5
Frequency Conversion 29 2
Frequency Deviation 34 4
Frequency Modulation 34 3
Frequency Multiplier 26 11
Frequency Multiplier 34 15
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) 40 6
FSK (Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) 40 6
Full Scale Deflection 15 3
Fundamental Overload 33 4
Gain (Transistors) 24 12
Galvanometer 9 3
Gamma Match 41 7
Generator for AC Current 9 3
Germanium 24 1
Ghosting 33 3
Grid Leak Bias 27 6
Ground Plane (1/4 Wave Antenna) 37 6
Ground Wave 28 5
GTOR Mode 40 4

Online Radio & Electronics Course

Damped Oscillation 19 4
Darlington Pair 41 2
Decibel Power Ratio Tables 22 6
Decibels and Power 22 3
Decibels and Voltage/Current 22 4
De-emphasis 34 8
Demodulator 30 1Depletion Zone 24 4
Deviation Ratio 34 4
Dielectric Constant 11 6
Diode/Rectifier 20 1
Dip Oscillator 39 9
Dipole Antenna 37 1
Director 37 8
Doping 24 2
Doppler/Red Shift 23 8
Double Sideband 29 3
Driven Element 37 8
Drooping radials by 45 degrees 37 7
Dynamic Mic 17 2
Eddy Currents 18 4
Effciency of Amplifier 26 2&3
Electret Mic 17 5
Electric Shock 4 8
Electrical Length v. Physical Length (Antenna) 37 4
Electromagnetic Radiation - Explained 23 1
Electromagnetic Spectrum 23 5
Electron Tube/Valve - How it Works 21 2
Emmitter-Follower Circuit 25 2
Even Order Harmonics & Push-Pull Amps. 26 9
External Induction 18 5

Online Radio & Electronics Course AOCP Theory
www.radioelectronicschool.com
AOCP COURSE INDEX
Reading Subject: Reading Number: Page Number: Notes:
Absorption Limiting Frequency 8 4
Absorption Wavemeter 39 11
AFSK (Audio Frequency Shift Keying) 40 6
ALC - Automatic Level Gain Control 31 7&9
Alternating Voltage and Current 9 2
Alternator Whine 33 6
Ammeter Shunts 15 2
Amplifier Classes 26 2
Amplifier Efficiency 26 2&3
Amplitude Modulation - Explained 29 3
AMTOR Mode 40 3
Angle of Incidence 28 4
Angle of Radiation 28 6
Anodes 21 3
Antenna gain 37 5
Antenna Loading 37 7
Armature 9 3
Armstrong Oscillator 27 3
ASCII 40 2
Atomic Theory 1 2
Audio Frequency Shift Keying (AFSK) 40 6
Audio Rectification Interference 33 5
Automatic Level Gain Control – ALC 31 7&9
Autotransformer 18 7
Avalanche Effect 24 7
Balanced and Unbalanced Line 38 3
Balanced Modulator 31 4
Band Pass/Stop/Notch Filters 32 2
Bandwidth 29 4
Battery/Cell - How it Works 16 2
Baudot Code 40 2
Beat Frequency Oscillator 31 8School
Class C Amplifier Operating Curve 26 6
Classes of Amplifier 26 2
CLOVER Mode 40 4
CMOS 25 8
Coaxial Line (Unbalanced) 38 3
Co-efficient of Reflection 38 8
Coils and their Magnetic Properties 8 3
Colpitts Crystal Oscillator 27 16
Colpitts Oscillator 27 9
Common-Base Circuit 25 2
Common-Emitter Circuit 25 1
Comparison of Parallel:Series Circuits 7 4
Condenser/Capacitor Mic 17 3
Control Grid 21 3
Copper Losses 18 5
Covalent Bonding 24 2
Critical Angle 28 4
Critical Frequency 28 4
Cross Hatching 33 1
Cross-Modulation 41 3
Crystal lattice Filter 32 6
Crystal Lattice Structure 24 2
Crystal Mic 17 5
Crystal Set Circuit 30 2
Current - A Definition 2 1
Current & Voltage Distribution on Antennas 37 2
Current Lagging Voltage (LC) 14 5
Current Leading Voltage 12 6
Cut Off 25 7
Cut-off Frequency in Filters 32 3

Universal Licensing System

In the early days of the Universal Licensing System (ULS), deployed in the Amateur Service on August 16, 1999, the FCC registration and filing systems were not easy to navigate. Now, however, the FCC has taken great strides to make ULS and COmission REgistration System (CORES) easier to use.

The FCC has done a very good job of updating their Web page and there is a specific section for the Amateur Radio Service. The FCC has even devoted a page to common filing tasks which offers instruction on filing electronically via the ULS.

If you wish to conduct business with the FCC, you must first register through FCC CORES. Upon registration, you will be assigned a Federal Registration Number (FRN). This number will be used to uniquely identify you in all transactions with the FCC. Effective December 3, 2001, the use of a Federal Registration Number (FRN) became mandatory.

You must be registered in CORES and be issued an FRN before you can use ULS to renew your license, change your address, obtain a duplicate license or use any of the other services that the FCC offers. Not sure if you have an FRN? Check your license to determine if it’s been assigned an FRN.

Registration

• If you ARE Registered in the FCC CORES-

  If you are already registered in FCC CORES, and if you have a FRN and know your CORES Password no further action is required. You can go directly to the Online Filing page, where you’ll select "Log In" to file a transaction with FCC using the ULS. You will be required to supply your FCC assigned FRN and your Password to renew or update your license.
  Learn More

• If you are NOT Registered in the FCC CORES+

  If you are NOT registered in FCC CORES and do not have a FRN, you will need to sign up for one. Follow the instructions on the next page to learn how to register.
  Learn More

• Reset your FCC CORES Password+

  If you are Registered (have a FRN) but do not know your FCC CORES Password you can reset your password online.
  Learn More

• How do I register for ULS and CORES?

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الإشارة العالمية لهواية الراديو

هواية اللاسلكي أو هواية الراديو هي هواية التخاطب بين الهواة باستخدام أجهزة الراديو اللاسلكية، وهي هواية منتشرة على مستوى العالم، ويبلغ عدد ممارسيها أكثر من ثلاثة ملايـين شخص ،و يوجد لها جمعيات وإتحادات تنظمها، ولها قوانينها وموجاتها الخاصة المختلفة عن موجات الأذاعات العامة, ويرأس جمعية هواة الاسلكي في مصر المهندس عزت رمضان

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تنمية العلاقات والاتصالات بين مختلف شعوب العالم وتبادل الخبرة والمعرفة بينهم و المساهمة في الظروف والحالات الطارئة فقد قدم هواة اللاسلكي المساعدات في حالات وبلدان مختلفة مثل إعصار جزر الكاريبي عام 1989 وزلزال الجزائر عام 1980

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لا يمكن لأي شخص في العالم الإرسال باللاسلكي من دون الحصول على ترخيص مسبق من الجهات المعنية في دولته، ويجب أن يكون الترخيص مكتوبا باللغة الوطنية ولغة دولية واسعة الانتشار وأن يكون شاملا تفاصيل كاملة عن المحطة مثل اسمها وعلامة ندائها ودرجاتها والغرض من إنشائها ونوع الأجهزة المستعملة وقوتها، وكذلك الأجهزة الاحتياطية إن وجدت ويجب اجتياز ثلاثة امتحانات في اللاسلكي والالكترونيات والقانون الدولي المنظم لاستخدام موجات الراديو والاختبار الثالث في شفرة مورس بسرعة عشر كلمات في الدقيقة. كما يجب ألا يقل عمر المتقدم عن 16 سنة، وعند الموافقة على الترخيص يحصل الهاوي على علامة النداء التي ينبغي أن يستخدمها عند الإرسال للإعلان عن نفسه.

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